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In resource-limited countries like Ethiopia, skin-to-skin care is an effective and safe alternative/substitute to conventional neonatal care for preterm/LBW infants. It is easy-to-practice method but has a substantial benefit in promoting the health and well-being of infants born preterm as well as full-term. The World Health Organization defined SSC as placing the naked baby on the mother’s bare abdomen or chest immediately or in less than 10 minutes after birth or soon afterwards. Skin-to-skin care (SSC) is the prime component of KMC. The KMC is care of preterm and/or low birth weight babies carried skin-to-skin with the mother including early breastfeeding and follow-up. The large burden of preterm births and low birth weight calls for more effective interventions for primary prevention including scale up of feasible and evidence-based interventions such as Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). In 2015, an estimated 20.5 million live births were low birth weight (LBW), 91% from low- and middle -income countries. From these, 12 million (81.1%) of the preterm births occurred in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, the preterm birth rate was estimated to be 10.6%, equating to 14.8 million live preterm births in 2014. Well-tailored community-level interventions are needed to increase skin-to-skin care practice among home delivery mothers. In Ethiopia, maternal health service uptake affects the SSC of the newborns. The SSC practice was low in Ethiopia with a high level of variation between regions. Regions with reduced odds of SSC practice include Amhara (, ), Somali (, ), and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People (, ).
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However, giving birth by the cesarean section had resulted in lower odds of practicing SSC (, ). Attending 1-4 antenatal care (, , giving birth at health facility (, , and having female births (, ) were associated with more odds of practicing SSC. The highest proportion was in Addis Ababa (63%), and the lowest was in the Somali region (14.5%). In Ethiopia, 24.3% of mothers practiced SSC for their newborns (95%, 25.2). We reported adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The factors influencing SSC practice were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. We included 7,488 live births in the analysis. The survey employed a multistage cluster sampling method. We used the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Therefore, this study is aimed at quantifying the proportion of SSC at both national and regional levels and identifying factors that affect SSC uptake in Ethiopia. Though skin-to-skin care (SSC) is becoming an important newborn care package at both facility and community levels in Ethiopia, there is a lack of evidence to monitor the progress at each level.